الخميس، 8 سبتمبر 2016

The Farm Worth Sh.16 Million That Eric Built From Sh.150,000 Investment

When Eric Mumo graduated from university with a First Class honours degree in 2009, he got several exciting job offers, but he declined them all.
Fresh from Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology, the statistics graduate opted for commercial farming and set up his base in the most unlikely of places — his arid village of Nzangathi in Kitui County. 
He started with Sh150,000 of personal savings that has now grown into a thriving farm worth Sh16 million in assets and 12 full time employees.
In just five years, Mr Mumo has built up a steady enterprise which includes dairy, fish, poultry and horticultural units on his 15-acre land and won several innovation awards.
At first, his peers and some family members feared that he was gambling with his future instead of seeking formal employment.
They felt, and genuinely so, that his good academic papers and young age should not be channelled into risky and unpredictable ventures like farming but rather into the flashy corporate world.
However, determined to pursue his ambition, and armed with passion for his dreams and a little capital, Mumo bought a Friesian dairy cow.
“I bought the first dairy cow in 2009, and soon after I added two more. I started supplying fresh milk to local restaurants” he says.
Each cow was producing on average 14 litres daily, which he sold at Sh60 per litre at the nearby shops, earning Sh2,520 daily.
With the steady income of Sh75,000 per month, Mr Mumo invested the profits in more cows. Today he has 28 cows.
The breakthrough came when he decided to diversify into tomatoes and water melons.  “My decision to stop relying on rain-fed agriculture and to engage in drip irrigation was the turning point as this ensured I was in business throughout the year.”
The 29-year-old went full blast when he sunk a borehole, which enabled him to put his father’s entire 15-acre farm on drip irrigation.
“In the first season, I harvested hundreds of tonnes of water melon, which I sold in Nairobi, recovering the costs of my investment and bought an Isuzu pick-up truck,” he  recalls.
With a kilo of water melon then going for Sh32, each trip to Nairobi was fetching on average Sh48,000, and he could make several in one week.
When the Saturday Nation sought Mumo for this interview, we found a delegation of 80 farmers from the Embu Anglican Church Diocese learning from his simple, but effective farming techniques.
The farmer has been recognised by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the Ministry of Agriculture for his outstanding innovations in food security. 
Last year, he was listed among the most innovative and promising young farmers in the country, besides being pre-qualified as a dependable supplier of fish fingerlings in the region.
Mumo stands out because of his ability to integrate all the farming units, where they inter-depend on each other to reduce production costs.
Having recently diversified into commercial poultry and fish farming, all the units now depend on each other and nothing goes to waste.
“We’ve established a poultry incubator which gives us 528 chicks every three weeks and 10 fish ponds each with a capacity to hold more than 3,000 fish but the demand for both is overwhelming,” he said.
He explains that all the four units — dairy, horticulture, poultry and fish — support each other.
“Poultry manure goes to fish ponds to support the algae fed on by fish, the enriched pond water is channelled into the horticulture farm together with recycled dairy manure while the waste vegetables are fed to the chickens in a fascinating cycle which saves production costs.” 
The farmer says Ukambani region can easily sustain itself if only enough water was made available to every home.
Every week, he is kept on his toes by overwhelming orders to supply all sorts of produce including day-old chicks, tomatoes, fish, milk to the market. 
In a good month, proceeds from milk, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables can fetch him Sh500,000 gross. He makes more when he sells in bulk.
Mumo urges the youth to dirty their hands to make money. 
His farm has created 12 direct jobs, and many others indirectly.
Mumo intends to turn his farm into a demonstration centre where farmers across the region can visit and learn from the simple ideas and replicate them in their homes.
IT HAS NOT BEEN EASY
Since Eric Mumo ventured into commercial farming, he has learned on the job the hard way and overcame odds.
From seeking credit to finance his projects, to marketing his farm produce and managing workers, he faced challenges he never expected.
Getting a bank loan to invest in farming was his worst nightmare because the interest rates were high and there is no grace period.
“Banks are asking us to start repaying their loans in the first month, and yet there is no crop that can yield results in such short time.”
This frustrates many farmers.
Mumo urges the government to establish a branch of the Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC) in every county to support farmers.
The other challenge has been lack of skilled labour, which has forced him to invest heavily in training his workers.
“Most people who seek jobs in farms are semi-illiterate. Such workers cannot manage a poultry house, or monitor the health of fish or dairy cows,” he explains, adding he incurred huge losses until he started training his workers.
The farmer explains that agriculture extension services are not sufficient.
“Kenya can sustain a double digit economic growth if agriculture is made a compulsory subject up to Form Four to make the youth stop their obsession with white collar jobs.”
Mumo has also learnt to invest in marketing and quality of his produce.
“I’m very keen on the quality of my products because I target mostly Nairobi and export market where consumers demand the best,” he says.

الخميس، 25 أغسطس 2016

Good News for Chicken Farmers As Governor Lusaka Opens Sh40m Chicken Slaughterhouse In Chwele, Bongoma

Bungoma governor Kenneth Lusaka commissioned a Sh40 million chicken slaughterhouse on Tuesday at Chwele, Kabuchai constituency.

Lusaka said that the factory will employ more 700 youths, women and elderly persons. He asked locals to rear more fowls in order to eradicate poverty.

"This factory will handle more than 3,000 birds per day," he said, adding that he mooted the idea while serving as Livestock PS.

The factory will be run by Kuku Bora chicken dealers, who operate and distribute chicken meat countrywide.

He said the meat will be packed in different weights and different parts of the chicken sold to hotels, schools, hospitals, county governments and residents.

Lusaka said the county government put Sh25million to the project - land and construction; while the national government pumped Sh15million.

"The roads leading to the factory will be tarmacked to ease transportation of chicken," he said, adding that the abattoir has been built to halal standards.

"This is where we will use the non-carcinogenic wheelbarrows that had Kenyans talking. We will also use hooks that don't contaminate the meat," Lusaka said.

The meat will be exported to Uganda, as well as sold locally with the supplies sourced locally and from across the country.

Lusaka warned residents against stealing their neighbour's fowls just because a market has been created.


Bungoma CEC for industrialisation Patrick Kooi said that the factory will focus on slaughtering local chickens.

الأحد، 21 أغسطس 2016

How To Own Part Of The Sh.101 Trillion Agribusiness Market In Kenya

A recent assessment by the World Bank found that by 2030, serving the food demands of Africa’s growing middle class alone will create a market worth $1 trillion (Sh.101 trillion).

African “agripreneurs” can own that market if we tap the two assets that form an unbeatable combination: 
  • the world’s largest population of young people, and 
  • the world’s largest holdings of uncultivated arable land.

In fact, Tegemeo Institute has conducted a study that has found access to land could dramatically increase youth participation in agriculture, particularly for young women farmers.

There are about 1 million youths entering the labour market annually. They can contribute to significant food security in Kenya if they are gainfully employed in agriculture where increasing population, low agricultural productivity and decreasing arable land in the high and medium potential areas are a threat to food security.

INNOVATIVE AGRIBUSINESS
Their participation in agriculture has, however, been constrained by limited access to land in the rural areas. The good news is, unlike in the rural areas, innovative urban farming takes place even on 0.25 acres of land.

This allows rearing of poultry, rabbits and having green houses in urban areas where land is scarce. Such innovative approaches can involve the youths more, especially where land is scarce.

Involvement of the young people in farming requires development of positive attitude towards agriculture.

This will help reduce unemployment among the youths because political and social consequences of unemployed youths can be extensive as witnessed by political unrests globally.

RELEVANT SKILLS

This would involve equipping youthful “agripreneurs” with relevant skills to build a sustainable and resilient agricultural innovation system that will respond to unique challenges within their counties.

The average age of small-scale farmers owning land in Kenya is 49 years and the youths who make up 67 per cent of the Kenyan population have no access to land.

As such, they are unable to exploit opportunities in farming. This excludes a great majority of the youths, who have the capability to work and produce more from land.

OPTIONS FOR ACCESSING LAND FOR AGRICULTURE

Studies have shown that about three quarters of youths still inherit land from their parents and only about one third buy land. While most would argue that this is because of the high cost of land, the truth is that buying land is not a priority for many young Kenyans. The inherited land is barely sufficient to sustain a family under the current agricultural production system.

The majority of parents (90 per cent) in the rural areas have recognised that their farms are the main sources of land access for their children and usually hand down at least part of their farms to them while they are still alive. And even when they buy or access land, the most common land size that’s accessible to them is two acres. It is uneconomical to farm two acres through telephone farming for this group.

The other alternative means of accessing land is through renting, which only a small fraction of the youth population does.

Majority rely on family land. The resulting inequitable distribution of land, particularly among the younger generation alienates them from meaningful participation in farming. The only way to involve them is to provide credit for those willing to farm.

Exploiting the Kenya government’s effort of offering the Agri-Vijana loan from one of its state corporations—the Youth Enterprise Development Fund—is one way of empowering the youths to access land.

This will create a win-win situation between landlords and their tenants, with resultant increase in food production. Such a land market will be key to increasing access to land for the youths.

By DENNIS OTIENO

الأربعاء، 10 أغسطس 2016

Why Billionaire Bill Gates Believes Kienyeji Chicken Farming Is A Gateway To Riches

You probably have heard that Billionaire Bill Gates is now running a campaign aimed at alleviating poverty in Africa by helping poor families to rear chicken. He intends to give 100,000 chicken to starter farmers in Africa.

Without going to the details of his project, the fact that Bill Gates has chosen to do this says much more about the prospects of chicken farming as a business than it does about his philanthropic kind. I caught a video of him explaining why he believes that chicken farming in Africa can be big business. Allow me to share some of his thoughts that I completely agree with.

1. Extremely high returns
Bill Gates says that there is no investment that has a high return percentage like the business of breeding chicken. Let us take an example of a farmer starting off with five hens and a rooster of improved quality: the farmer would have an initial investment of about Sh. 3500 taking an average of Sh. 500 for each hen and 1000 for the rooster. With a good breed of chicken, the farmer would be able to have a flock of about 40 chicken in just about 4 months. Selling them at Sh.500 each, the farmer would make a cool Sh.20,000. So that is more than 450% profit!

2. Low running costs
Well I know the calculations above have overlooked many practical costs of the chicken farming business. Essentially, you would need to provide feeds, vaccines, treatments and maybe labour. However, these costs are significantly reduced of you choose to keep the Kienyeji breed of chicken. This breed is hardy to start with. So the cost of vaccines and treatments is kept at the lowest. The Kienyeji chicken also scavenge for food from the ground, digging up insects and browsing on green grass. Feeding them just once in a day to supplement their findings is enough. Since they range freely, you also need minimal labour in feeding them.

3. Huge potential to grow
I am yet to find out a farming business that has a greater potential to grow into a million shilling project within a short time than does the chicken farming business. Chicken multiply exponentially and with that the business of keeping them grows at a similar rate. I remember while in high school we started a chicken rearing project with 40 Kienyeji hens and in one year, we sold a flock of over 500 chicken even though some were just 2 months chicks. All those were just from the parent stock.


While most of the farming businesses bring great satisfaction, I think and believe chicken farming is the most rewarding. I hope this inspires and challenges you into chicken farming especially the kienyeji breed. God bless.

الجمعة، 5 أغسطس 2016

Why Kienyeji Chicken Farming In Kenya Is The Big Business

Kienyeji Chicken farming is the new buzz amongst the poultry farmers in Kenya today. The exotic breeds, which we commonly refer to as grade chicken, still produce more eggs and meat compared to the Kienyeji breeds. However, these grade breeds are a little delicate and require specialized management throughout their lives. They also consume a massive amount of food. That means the farming of the exotic breeds mostly leaves out the young and new farmers who may not afford the costs of feeding, vaccination and other expenses.

This is one of the reasons that has made the Kienyeji Chicken breed to be so popular in Kenya today. The most popular Kienyeji breed – the KARI Improved Kienyeji – was developed over a period of 10 years by studying the characteristics of the indigenous chicken breeds throughout Kenya.

Through years of interbreeding, the researchers at KARI Naivasha came up with the perfect bird that is between the indigenous breeds and the exotic breeds. It produces 200-280 eggs per year, compared to the 300 for the exotic breeds but with minimal overheads. It also produces better meat quality and has greater disease resistance. That means more money in the pockets of the farmers.

The new Improved Kienyeji breeds also fetch more from the market compared to the broilers. A hen is likely to fetch Ksh.700-Ksh850 while the cocks fetch anything from Ksh.1000 to Ksh.1500. The trend towards health conscious products and a market that is increasingly appreciating organically produced products has also driven up the demand for the Kienyeji chicken. Here are three main advantages of the KARI Improved Kienyeji chicken breeds:

1. Low Cost of Production
If you are worried about the big nightmare of feeding your broilers, especially when they have hit 8 weeks and you cannot find a ready market for your birds, then the improved Kienyeji breed is the answer. These can be reared in a free-range or semi free range system where the cost of feeding is drastically minimized. You can make small investments in commercial feed but also let them scavenge for food without diminishing your egg or meat production. The hens are also disease resistant so your losses due to disease outbreaks are largely minimized.

2. More nutritious eggs and meat
Rearing your chicken in the free range or semi-free range systems, where chicken are allowed to roam unrestricted or in a restricted environment results in eggs which are more nutritious. The scavenging chickens scratch the ground to unearth more diverse and nutritious food sources such as termites. From these numerous nutrients, consumers are assured of excellent and more nutritious egg and poultry production. In the semi free range system, farmers can use several techniques to increase the number of termites in the enclosure.

This is not simply a cliché but has been verified through research by the US Department of Agriculture or the USDA which found that eggs produced by chicken under a free range system are a lot more nutritious than those produced under commercial conditions with commercial feeding. If you are into ethical farming practices, then the kienyeji chicken farming is the way to go.

3. Fetch higher market prices for your poultry products
Both the meat and egg products from the kienyeji chicken fetch twice as much as those from the caged birds. If there was ever any motivation for starting a business, then here is a powerful one! Maximum profits with minimal overheads.

الخميس، 21 أبريل 2016

How 20-Year Old Girl Successfully Markets Her Poultry Products: Marketing Hacks

In a recent youth entrepreneurship summit, Billionaire Chris Kirubi stumped my though that agribusiness is Kenya’s economic future. Well most of us know this and would really love to invest in agribusiness but the challenge of marketing makes most coil away from this lucrative field. However, Joy, a 20-year successful poultry farmer has found ways of beating this challenge. Here, she shares her ideas on successful marketing of eggs and other poultry products from her farm in Nairobi.

1. Bypass the middlemen: Most poultry farmers rely on middlemen to help sell their products. In so doing, they lose a lot of profit after a hard job. If you want to sell faster and make more money, then you should sell both in wholesale quantities and retail quantities. The best way to sell your poultry products in retail quantities is by setting up a simple outlet. Look for a good location to rent a store and then use it to stock products from your farm.

2. Take your business online: This is perhaps my most successful marketing technique today. Everybody hangs around the internet these days. If you want your business to thrive, you cannot close your eyes to the internet. Your social media account, and mostly Facebook, is a very good place to promote your business and increase awareness for your products. Take a nice photo of your products and post it up there. Soon people will start asking you for the price. Take a short video and post it on Facebook showing how you produce your eggs and how well you keep and feed your chicken. This serves to create confidence in buyers and hence attract them.

I have a lady that I am following on Instagram who regularly posts pictures of attractively packaged, fresh products from her poultry farm on her page. She has a lot of followers and people keep asking her where they can get her products in the south even though she’s based in the North. I am very sure that a lot of Northerners patronize her too.

If you want to sell your products faster, you should have a strong internet presence so that people can order for products online and even those that do not order online would be able to recognize and buy your products when they see it in supermarkets or grocery stores.

3. Become a supplier to Hotels and Restaurants: Do not shy away from approaching hotels, restaurants and other eateries. Write a brilliant proposal with clearly thought-out incentives that you can offer and send it to managers of hotels and restaurants. Offer to be their major supplier of poultry meat and eggs. Hotels and restaurants always have foods with poultry meat or foods made with eggs on their menu and it might surprise you how challenging it is for them to get regular suppliers. You can help them to have access to a regular supply of fresh eggs without stress. However, most of hotels and restaurants already have people supplying them, so you should think of how to outsmart these people by offering mouth-watering incentives.

4. Employ Marketers: Yes, I know that sounds weird but marketers for your poultry farm can increase your sales by more than 30%. Just employ some commission-based marketers who would earn a certain percentage from the sales they make. I was surprised to find out that some of my friends have way better connections and sales language than I ever imagined. I only posted for this vacancy on my Facebook wall and got a couple of friends who I pay on commission. Right now I am struggling to supply all their markets.

5. Feed your Birds well: Yes, this is a marketing idea too. When you feed your birds well, they produce big and good quality eggs which are what the consumers want. This automatically makes your products top choice for consumers. This calls for paying attention to the type of foods you feed your birds with because good food equals good eggs and quality meat.

6. Advertise your products: Engage in simple and affordable advertising and promotions of your business. You don’t have to be in Citizen TV or Daily Nation but advertisement is crucial. People mostly buy products they know or have heard about: this is the essence of advertising. For me, I use online advertisement on blogs and by marketing my Facebook page. I also print out small attractive cards that I give to my friends and connections after church or such gatherings.

7. Take on home delivery services: Home delivery services work like magic. This is because a lot of people who love eggs are often too busy to make trips to the grocery store. You can take advantage of this to offer home delivery services to people who prefer to buy fresh eggs or people who find it easier to order for stuffs from the comfort of their home. You could also serve senior citizens, the physically challenged or sick people who cannot make trips to grocery stores to buy meat and eggs.


8. Use Attractive Packaging: It does not cost so much as most people would think. Yet the advantage of a good attractive package of eggs so great you would think it works a miracle. When designing packaging materials for your poultry products, ensure that it stands out from every other product in the market. Another thing you must know is that people look now out for nutritional information when they buy food items. So, you should consider adding some information about your products like calorie contents, protein, vitamins and all other information that health conscious people would want to know about.

الخميس، 18 فبراير 2016

Successful Poultry Business Starts With Proper Brooding: Here are basics

Brooding, being the first step in your poultry business, is the most crucial. It determines the development of your chicks hence their productivity in future. To help you achieve the best results and reap maximum benefits from your poultry venture, here is a comprehensive guide on how to brood. 

Temperature

The body temperature of a day-old chick is approximately 39°C, but by the fifth day of age the body temperature rises to 41.1° C, which is the normal body temperature of an adult bird. Chicks require heat from the time they are hatched until they are six weeks old because they cannot maintain their body temperature without an external source. The ability to regulate body temperature is acquired around 12 to 14 days of age.

While chicks are more tolerant to high temperatures than adult birds, high temperatures for extended periods of time increase mortality and have negative impact on performance. Chicks that are subjected to cold temperature have impaired immune and digestive systems which result in reduced growth and increased susceptibility to diseases. This is why a proper brooding practice is necessary. 

Warm the brooding area before the chicks arrive. Chicks can be easily stressed if their body temperature decreases or increases by as much as one degree. During the first week temperatures should be 32° to 35° C then reduced by 2.5° C per week until room temperature is reached.  The actions of the chicks can be a guide in temperature control.

Floor temperatures are also crucial. The average floor temperatures should be 32°C on the day that chicks are placed in the house.

Ventilation

Good ventilation in the brooder is required to control temperature and get rid of carbon dioxide, ammonia, other gases, moisture, dust and odors. Air entering the brooding house should be warmed up to brooding temperature before coming into contact with the chicks to prevent chilling. This also increases moisture holding capacity thereby helping to maintain litter conditions in the house.

In large brooding houses fans should be used to break up temperature stratification and provide a more uniform temperature throughout the poultry house.

Humidity

The level of humidity influences the ability of the bird to cool itself through panting and influences ammonia production.  Relative humidity should be maintained between 50 and 70 percent during the brooding period. Dusty conditions in the poultry house are associated with relative humidity below 50 percent. If relative humidity increases above 70 percent ammonia from the birds fecal material accumulates and has a negative impact on bird health and performance. High ammonia levels impair the immune system, increases respiratory diseases and reduces growth rate which is never gained back.

Lighting

The main purpose of lighting during brooding is to ensure that chicks are active and seek out food and water sources. Chick activity is higher in bright than in low light intensity. Bright lights assist chicks to locate feed and water and this is usually accomplished by 7 to 10 days of age. Thereafter the light intensity and duration should be reduced to a minimum of 25 lux (2.5 foot candles) or more at bird level. Normally lights are initially allowed 23 hours a day at maximum intensity. Then the intensity is reduced when chicks are 7 to 10 days of age and by 10 to 14 days it should be at 5 lux (0.5 foot candles).

Housing

Some people brood their chicks in their homes but this is not recommended. Brooders present a certain amount of fire risk so a high degree of precaution should be taken when deciding its location and design.

Brooder houses generally have litter floors, preferably with a layer of wood shavings at least four inches thick. Brooders with wire floors and a droppings pan underneath can also be used but they smell worse than the other kinds of brooders.

The brooding house should be clean, dry and comfortable with adequate heat and space. The equipment should be clean and in good condition. The location should be draft-free with good air circulation, access to clean water and be well protected.

A brooder house measuring 10 by 12 feet accommodates 120 chicks to the age of eight weeks. Chick guard rings should be12 inches high arranged in a circle 6 feet in diameter around the brooder stove.  Feeders are placed in a spoke-like arrangement radiating outward from underneath the outer portion of the brooder canopy. This provides chicks access to feed and allows them to move freely in and out from the heat source.

Age of chicks      Floor space per bird
0 to 4 weeks       1/2 square foot
4 to 8 weeks       1 square foot

Water

Chicks should have warm water available right way. Waterers should be placed on a block to keep the water free from litter. Replace the water twice a day, or more frequently if necessary to keep the water clean and fresh. Clean the waterer each time you make the change, and refill it with lukewarm water.

The amount of waterer space recommended for 100 brooding chicks is:

Age of chicks       Waterer space
0 to 1 week           Six 1-quart jar waterers
1 to 4 weeks         Two 2-gallon waterers
4 to 12 weeks       Two 5-gallon waterers

Automatic waterers may be used after the first week. Many types of waterers are available from local agrovets.Note that in the first few days chicks can get soaked in waterers with wide bowls and may die of chilling. So use small waterers at first and gradually replace with regular ones.

Feeding

Provide feed and water as soon as the chicks are transferred to the brooder. If possible the chicks should be fed about three hours after being introduced into the brooder. Also they tend to be dehydrated and it is important that they drink the water first before they eat.

Give the first feed on flat surfaces at ground level. One square foot per 50 chicks is a good spacing. Set up the regular feeders and fill them right from the beginning.

Rapidly growing chicks should have a well-balanced starter diet for proper growth and development. For the first two days, it is a good idea to feed the chicks on cracked maize grains to reduce the problem of dried feces attaching on the rear.  Thereafter replace the cracked maize grains with a chick starter mash.This can be done by feeding grain in the first feeders and chick starter in the regular feeders.

The feeder space recommended for 100 chicks is:

Age of chicks      Feeder space
0 to 4 weeks       12 linear feet or two 3-foot feeders
4 to 8 weeks       20 linear feet or two 5-foot feeders
Types of Brooders

Some types of brooders heat the entire room or house. Other types warm the area under or near the hover, while the rest of the room remains relatively cool. The most popular brooders are infrared heat lamps, propane gas brooders and propane catalytic brooders. Convenience, installation cost and operating cost will determine the choice.

The infrared heat lamp (Pyrex-type) is ideal for brooding small lots of 200 chicks or less. One 250-watt lamp is provided for each 50 to 75 chicks. During normal weather, infrared heat lamps placed 1 to 1.5 feet above the chicks will usually provide enough heat.

Large commercial poultry operations generally use big propane brooders with a central brooder and a metal canopy or hover that retains the heat. Each brooder handles 1,000 or more chicks.

Farmers brooding fewer than 1,000 chicks at once generally use electric brooders.

Preventing coccidiosis

Coccidiosis can take a heavy toll on chicks, starting from about three weeks of age. Chicks raised on litter floors become infected easily and the multiplication of the bacteria can lead to dead, stunted, and sick chicks. Chicks that are exposed to only low levels of coccidia become immune without becoming sick.

A lot of people don’t like the idea of using medicated feed but that is the only way of treating the disease. If you want to mix your own feed, you will need to use coccidiostats to control the disease. Almost all commercial poultry feeds contain drugs that suppress coccidia.

Treating Coccidiosis


Anti-coccidial drugs are very effective. Infected chicks should be treated immediately by putting a coccidiostat in the water. Drug substitutes such as garlic and herbs are not as effective as drugs.

الأربعاء، 30 ديسمبر 2015

How The Big Farms Do It: From The Hatchery to The Shop

Well, the journey to the millions that big poultry farms make isn’t quite a walk in the park. However, it is nothing like rocket science and with a little determination you too can scale great heights in poultry farming. This short article gives a detailed procedure as followed in top farms around the world.

Hatchery to farm
Newly hatched chicks are transported to broiler farms, in ventilated chick boxes, in air-conditioned trucks that are specifically designed to carry chicks. It is important that chicks receive feed, water and warmth soon after hatching, however the remains of the yolk sac can sustain each chick for up to 72 hours post-hatch.

Brooding or Starting
On arrival at the broiler farm, day-old chicks are placed onto the floor of the shed, where they are initially confined to an area of between a half to one third of the total shed area (the ‘brooding area’) and given supplementary heating from gas heaters or heat lamps (referred to as brooders) for about three weeks. This period of time is called brooding. Extra feed pans and water dispensers are provided in the brooding area, and the bedding may be partly covered with paper to stop dropped feed from getting into the bedding and spoiling. Both male and female chicks are reared as meat chickens. While the flocks are usually of mixed sex, some operations may grow male and female chickens separately, depending on market requirements. For example, one company grows out only male chickens in one area, allowing its operations and processing plant in that area to be geared up specifically for larger birds, while sending female chicks to another area.

The air temperature under the brooder should initially be 35oC and reduced by 1-2oC per day until it reaches 23oC when the chickens are approximately three weeks of age. Sophisticated brooding systems have been developed which include gas-fired radiant heat sources, through gas-fired hot air blasters, and fully controlled environment sheds with special heated air passed through ducts to the chickens. High protein (22%) starter rations are fed to young meat chickens to ensure they grow as much as possible early in life. This may be continued for 18-24 days. A medicine, called a coccidiostat, is added to the feed of meat chickens to prevent the intestinal disease coccidiosis. Australian meat chickens are raised on litter floors, but some overseas companies use wire-floored cage systems. The number of chickens in a meat chicken shed is usually high, with some Australian sheds containing up to 30 000 meat chickens.

Growing or Finishing
At this stage, growth is still very important, but since feed is expensive careful costing is carried out to keep expenses to a minimum. Thus a diet that is lower in protein (19%) is fed to the chickens for the remainder of their life (usually until 42 days of age). Heavy weight birds that are required for chicken fillets are slaughtered at up to 56 days of age. A coccidiostat, sometimes a different one from that used in starter feed, is added to the finisher feed. Some meat chickens go through a separate rearing stage, with a special rearing ration being fed to them before they are placed on a finisher feed, but most go straight from starter to finisher feed.

Harvesting
Getting finished meat chickens from the farm to the factory is a delicate business. Most catching is done at night when the birds are quieter, and this also gets them to the processor early in the morning with less delay before slaughter. Delay means stress and weight loss. Mechanical devices for harvesting meat chickens have been invented, however results are variable and most Australian meat chickens are still caught by hand. Birds are placed into plastic crates or aluminium modules designed for good ventilation and safety from bruising during transport. These crates or modules are handled by specialist forklift equipment and loaded onto trucks for transport to the processing plant. In Australia, a percentage of chickens are harvested at up to four different times depending on the need for light or heavy birds. Harvesting is also know n as ‘partial depopulation’, ‘thinning out’, or ‘multiple pick-up’. Thinning out sheds allows more space for the remaining birds and reduces the natural temperatures in the shed. The first harvest can occur as early as 30-35 days and the last harvest at 55-60 days.

Shed clean-out

Broiler processing is highly mechanised
Once all the birds have been harvested (after approximately 60 days), the shed is cleaned and prepared for the next batch of day old chicks, which generally arrives five days to two weeks after the previous harvest. Not only does is the time between batches used to clean the shed, but it also reduces the risk of common ailments being passed between batches as many pathogens die off in this time. Many farms undertake a full cleanout after every batch. This involves removing bedding, brushing floors, scrubbing feed pans, cleaning out water lines, scrubbing fan blades and other equipment, and checking rodent stations. High pressure hoses clean the whole shed thoroughly. The floor bases are usually rammed earth and because low water volumes are used, there is little water runoff.

Once the shed has been thoroughly cleaned, it is disinfected. This is carried out using low volumes of disinfectant sprayed throughout the shed. If insects, such as beetles, were a problem in the previous batch an insecticidal treatment may also be used. Any disinfectant or insecticide that is used must be approved by the Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) as safe and fit for use in broiler sheds. After a full cleanout, company veterinarians or servicemen will test the shed to confirm that it has been adequately cleaned and any potential disease agents removed. Sometimes, a partial shed cleanout only is required which involves removing old litter and / or topping up fresh litter and cleaning and sanitising equipment. However, a full cleanout is done after every second or third batch of chickens.

Processing line

When chickens arrive at the processor they go through the following sequence:
  • Hung by the legs on a shackle
  • Stunned using an electrically charged water bath
  • Killed by cutting the blood vessels in the neck
  • Bled so that most of the blood leaves the carcass
  • Scalded to soften the attachment of the feathers
  • Plucked to remove the feathers
  • Head removed
  • Gutted or eviscerated to remove the internal organs
  • Washed to remove blood and soiling from the carcass
  • The hock is cut to remove the feet
  • Chilled to prevent bacterial spoiling
  • Drained to remove excess water from the carcass
  • Weighed
  • Cut selection to divide the carcass into the desired portions (breast, drumsticks etc.)
  • Packed in plastic bags to protect carcasses or portions
  • Chilled or frozen for storage

Removal of breast meat
The carcasses are graded during the processing sequence to remove poor quality meat. This meat is used for cut-up (further processing) purposes or, if badly affected, might be used for pet food or condemned and cooked to be made into meat meal for stock feed.

Further Processing and storage
Further processing includes cutting up the carcasses into portions, deboning carcasses and preparing special ready-to-cook products. Cooking is an additional process which is carried out at some processing plants. Almost all chicken meat is sold chilled. Chilled chicken meat must be cooked before it spoils. The shelf life of chicken meat is usually eight to 12 days, depending on the processing, handling and storage conditions.

Marketing
In Australia most chicken is sold under the brand name and market competition is very strong. The average amount of chicken eaten has risen rapidly as prices have fallen. These changes have taken place at the expense of the beef and lamb industries.

الجمعة، 4 ديسمبر 2015

Omondi’s 2000-Plus Chicken Empire Is Just A Side Hustle: His Dreams Are Bigger!

Dressed in a white overcoat, a black trouser and gumboots, Nicholas Omondi digs his hand in a sack of poultry feeds and offers his birds at his farm in Dunga, Kisumu.

The farmer keeps 42 ornamental birds that include silky and bantam chickens, doves, guinea fowl and fantail pigeons.

But these are just to beautify his one-and-a-half acres Victoria Eco-Farm. His mainstay are the Kari Kienyeji, Rainbow Rooster and Kuroiler chickens, all which total 2,000, excluding the chicks.

He hatches eggs from the chickens in 15 incubators. “I have two incubators with a capacity of 10,000 eggs. The rest have a capacity of between 2,500 and 8,000 eggs,” says the poultry farmer.

Every three days, he collects over 6,000 chicks for sale. “When they leave the hatchery, I pack them in boxes and deliver to our clients in Kisumu and other counties, including Nairobi.”

Omondi sells to other farmers the day, a week, two weeks, a month and two months old chicks.

A day-old chick goes for Sh85, a week-old at Sh120, two weeks at Sh150, a month at Sh250 while two months chicks go for Sh400.

On the other hand, he sells a mature breeding cockerels for Sh1,500 each.

“The best hen to cockerel ratio in poultry breeding is 1:7. Most farmers over-work their cockerels and this lowers the quality of eggs and, thus, chicks.”
He sells mature bantam and Italian silky chickens at Sh13,000 when they are four months old, mostly to the Asian community.

With contracts from several outside catering firms, the farmer in a good week supplies 1,500 mature birds for events such as funerals and weddings at an average of Sh1,000.

The 35-year-old collects 1,800 eggs per day. He further sources from farmers to ensure he does not run out of the fertilised eggs to hatch.

“We are encouraging contract farming. We have farmers who buy our chicks, once they start laying eggs, we buy back the fertilised eggs from them,” says Omondi, who works with over 100 farmers in different counties.

Interestingly, his poultry business is a ‘side hustle’ as Omondi works as a journalist at Radio Lake Victoria where he presents an evening show.

So how did he built his poultry empire? “I started the business in 2008 with a capital of Sh250,000 from my savings. I really wanted to keep poultry with the passion making me to save nearly every coin I made.”

He used Sh40,000 to buy 50 mature Kienyeji birds comprising of 40 hens and the rest were cockerels. He spent Sh15,000 on feeds in three months and Sh187,000 went to the construction of a one-storey poultry house.

With time, his brood increased as he expanded his hatchery using skills he picked in trainings and seminars sponsored by the USAID, Plan International and others NGOs.

Each day, the father of two, who doubles up as the farm manager, starts his day at 5am by feeding the birds with the help of his workers as he monitors if they have any diseases before leaving for work later in the day.

“We formulate our own feeds from maize germ, cotton seed cake and fishmeal (omena). I add in the feeds coccidiostat and mineral supplements to curb diseases. In a day, we use 12 50kg bags of feeds,” explains Omondi, who has six workers.


He says the few the number of workers in a poultry farm, the more efficient work is done and overall farm management.

His main challenges include diseases like Newcastle, gumboro and fowl pox, which in many cases strike when he is least prepared.

“Each year, I must lose some birds to these diseases. It happens to every farmer before they identify the disease and take preventive measures,” says Omondi, whose dream is to be the biggest supplier of chicks and other poultry products in western Kenya.

Amos Amenya, an agronomist at the Lake Basin Development Authority, while using a charcoal brooder, one should guard against suffocation due to carbon-monoxide.


“For chicks, Gumboro vaccine should be administered when they are a day-old. After 14 days, the chicken should be vaccinated against Newcastle Disease followed by small pox.”

الجمعة، 2 أكتوبر 2015

Grab The Opportunity To Make Big Money With Kienyeji Chicken Now: Learn From Regina’s Success

Chicken is one component of those meals we love to prepare. For a long time, we were used to the broilers sold in most hotels and fast food points. However, those who know how the birds are bred and feed will tell you that you would rather buy kienyeji chicken.  As more Kenyans realize this, the demand for these chicken has over the last few years increased tremendously. This is the opportunity that Regina saw and tapped into to make a kill.

Regina started her business in 2009 with 2 hens and a cockerel. Today she has more than 100 layers and breeding cockerels and can hatch more than 700 chicks in a month, using her incubator. Here are a few tips that we got from Regina that might help you to commercialize your indigenous poultry project like she did.

Hatching Chicks Using an Incubator
Regina has an incubator that has a capacity of 750 eggs. The incubator operates on electricity but can also be powered by the use of a generator or solar energy. She also has invented a cheap way of providing the eggs with warmth incase of power loss. "I boil water and put it in 5-litre jericans which I place in the incubator. I change the water with freshly boiled after every three hours. This to keep the incubator warm," She explained. Incubated eggs hatch after 21 days. The egg to chick turnover is directly attributable to the layers and how the eggs were handled.

Choice of Layers and Handling of Eggs
Below are some of the best practices in selection and handling of incubating eggs.
Layers of incubating eggs should be served by cockerel at the rate if 1 cockerel for 10 hens to ensure that the eggs are fertilized.
Incubating eggs should be incubated not more than two weeks after being laid. The more the eggs are kept before being incubated, the more you reduce hatching probability.
The eggs should be kept in well aerated places before being incubated. This is to ensure good supply of air to the York.
Eggs should be handled with clean hand and well labeled to ensure that openings in the shell are left open. Eggs should not be handled with oily hands as this may cause the York to suffocate.

Handling Young Chicks
After hatching, young chicks should be placed in brooders; structures that are well aerated and regulated heat to keep the chicks warm. Chicks should be kept in brooders for up to two months when they have fully developed wings.

Feeding
Chicks should be fed with broiler starter marsh for up to eight weeks as they are easily introduced to other types of food that are more traditional such as grains and food leftovers. The good thing is that kienyeji chickens are hardy and once fed in the morning, they spend the rest of the day scavenging for food outside.

Maturity
If well fed and taken care of, the indigenous chicken matures in between four to five months and hens start laying eggs.

Diseases
Kienyeji chicks are resistance to diseases though it is advisable that you vaccinate them and also give them antibiotics regularly.

Marketing
Indigenous chickens have a large unsatisfied market in Kenya. According to Regina, she is not able to satisfy the demand for chicks that she receives. "Marketing of kienyeji chicks is not a problem. They are usually ordered before they hatch", she explained. "Chicks that are left to grow to maturity are used as layers and fetch between Kshs. 1000 to Kshs. 1200 in Nairobi", she added.
Fertilized eggs are sold for between Kshs. 15 to 25 depending on where you are buying them.

Now that is a great opportunity to make huge profits. 

الثلاثاء، 15 سبتمبر 2015

How Caleb Karuga Overcame Major Handles To Build A 800K Chicken Empire


Immediately after he was forcefully retrenched from his TV job at K24 in 2013, Caleb Karuga ventured into poultry farming. Two years later, he has no regrets to boot. In fact, the founder and CEO of Wendy Farms Limited has gone on to build a poultry empire that rakes in over Sh. 800,000 from KARI Kienyeji Chicken, and trainings of other farmers.

However, his journey into successful poultry farming has not been a walk in the park. When Karuga first ventured into farming he acquired 200 pigs because pigs were the ‘it’ thing at the time. With no proper research, the venture failed.

He made another attempt, buying two hens and one cock. “When the two hens started laying eggs I decided to buy more hens from neighbouring farms. That was my biggest mistake because some of the hens were not vaccinated. In a span of about one month and a half, I had lost about 200 hens. I learned that you should never buy birds that you are not sure whether or not they have been vaccinated.”

Not one to give up easily, Karuga purchased 500 day-old chicks from the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, but once again made loses as his employees sold the chickens in his absence.

“Theft by employees was the major challenge we have faced. I bought the chicks at KSh. 100 each and after a month of feeding them my employees were selling them off for KSh. 50 each. When they matured I would be told the hens had ‘died’ of diseases.”
 
Caleb Karuga Trainings
Karuga, nevertheless, soldiered on and bought another 1,500 chicks, but because he used cheaper feed, egg production was poor. Eventually Karuga realized that he would make three times more selling day-old chicks than what he was making selling eggs. “I learned that in indigenous chicken farming the money is in day-old chicks, not eggs. It was like a light bulb moment for me. I realized that I had been sitting on a gold mine.”

Today, Mr. Karuga has chicken farms in Kikuyu, Nyeri and Nanyuki. Although the Kienyeji chicken take longer to mature, Mr. Karuga chose them because they are cheaper to feed and are quite disease resistant. “I sell a one day chick at Sh 100 and a kienyeji egg at Sh 15 or Sh 20. A full grown Kienyeji chicken goes for about Sh 800 while the broilers/ ex layers go for Sh 270-Sh 300. When you do your maths, you realize that the Kienyeji chicken is more profitable,” quips the former TV reporter.

At times, he sells cocks at Sh 1,200 and above during holidays such as April, August and December. “In most cases, I determine the cost of the chicken since the demand for Kienyeji meat far outstrips supply. It’s a very good business.”

On a good month, Caleb says the Kienyeji chicken can earn him a handsome figure in the neighborhood of 600,000 shillings or more. He charges his trainings at Sh. 1,000 per person per session.

“I don’t regret having left employment, God has been very faithful to me despite the challenges I face every day,” he says. “You cannot satisfy demand for Kienyeji chicken in Kenya, East African region and the rest of Africa. As matters stand, the orders I have for day-old KARI Improved Kienyeji Chicken and Kuroilers is overwhelming me, but I am not complaining.”

Despite his initial losses, Karuga says he has learnt a lot along the way. “I believe in going through the learning curve. When a venture fails I don’t take it personally. It is the business that has failed, not me. I might have made a mistake but I choose to keep on the ball. I don’t make permanent decisions based on temporary situations.” While it is encouraging to see more young people going into agribusiness, Karuga says the industry should not be romanticised.

“What we are seeing is people going into farming because they read a story in a newspaper. They don’t do thorough research and they have no passion for farming, but because it seems sexy they decide to take a loan and bury the money. Don’t make farming sexy because it is not.” He warns that anyone looking to get into agribusiness needs to first have a passion for it. “If your only motivation is to make money then you are getting into the wrong business.”

Kwa kweli vijana tunaweza make doh na farming

الأحد، 30 أغسطس 2015

I Have Market for Eggs, Where Are the Farmers?

Dressed in a white overcoat, gumboots, red dress and a matching cap, Rose Nyamunga scoops fish feeds from a bucket and sprinkles them in a fish pond. The fish scramble for the feeds.

Nyamunga, the Kisumu Woman Representative, owns the two-acre fish farm on the outskirts of Kisumu town. The farm has six hatcheries, 10 fish ponds and several breeding cages. “Welcome to my fish farm,” says a cheerful Nyamunga.

The catchiest thing is that the politician has a poultry farm, says she started the farm in 2013 with the help of her husband after realising the bulk of fish and eggs consumed in the region were from Uganda. Most traders in the county import the items from the neighbouring countries through Busia and Serare border points because of low supply.


“It pained me that we were importing things that we can produce locally. My aim of starting the ventures, particularly the poultry business, was to try and provide local farmers with affordable but quality chicks to boost poultry farming,” says Nyamunga of the business that she invested over Sh4 million, most which went to buying incubators.

Besides the incubators, she further bought 5,000 fertilised eggs for hatching to get started. However, she has since contracted over 100 farmers keeping Kari indigenous chickens who supply her with fertilised eggs.

“We buy the eggs at Sh30 each, which is higher than the market price but still I have a huge deficit. All my 11 incubators have not operated optimally since I started,” she says.

Nyamunga only hatches 4,000 eggs yet she has a capacity of 40,000 after every 21 days. “I am really in need of fertilised eggs to hatch because I want to empower our farmers. If there is a farmer out there with the quality I want, then he should supply me.”

She sells the chicks to farmers at Sh85 instead of Sh120 market price. Bernard Otieno is among farmers who have benefitted from the low-cost chicks. He keeps over 900 chicks at his home in Kisumu. “We pick the chicks after they have been vaccinated which helps in cutting costs,” says Otieno, who sells eggs.

Nyamunga says if the poultry and fish sectors are given the attention they deserve across the country, they can uplift the livelihoods of thousands of people.

“As Kisumu, we can export the eggs and fish to other counties and even to Tanzania and Uganda if people rear chickens and keep fish. Fish from Lake Victoria has dwindled thus we must embrace ponds,” says Nyamunga, who sells only male tilapia fingerlings to farmers at Sh3 each, instead of Sh5.

Most farmers, according to her, prefer the male fingerlings because they grow faster and do not divert energy into reproduction.

“I hatch both the male and female fingerlings but after birth, we place them in caged ponds where we reverse the female ones into male using feeds. The process takes 42 days, enabling us to have between 10,000 and 30,000 fingerlings after every two weeks.”

“On average, I sell over 20,000 fingerlings every month to farmers but demand is still double that amount,” she adds of the project that has so far reached 20 groups.

The poultry project, on the other hand, she says has reached 1,500 farmers but her aim is to cover the entire county, and if possible neighbouring ones. She says that being in farming helps her spend time wisely when she is not attending to political matters as she reaches out to farmers who have bought her fingerlings and eggs.

“I know my projects can make a difference but I cannot do everything on my own. As I struggle to offer farmers chicks and fingerlings at subsidised price, the county should help me in reviving the ponds and promoting poultry farming.”

By ANGELA OKETCH

الثلاثاء، 25 أغسطس 2015

The Greatest Mind In Agribusiness I Have Met So Far: Simon Mbuto

This place looks ordinary, just like any other by-the-road establishment along the winding Nairobi-Nakuru highway. Its name too is kept so simple one can easily think “…ABC? The guy must have run out of ideas.”

For a long time I passed through this place without taking any keen interest in it. During one of my chats about agribusiness, a friend asked whether I knew ABC. I struggled to remember where I had seen it, which I had to because she seemed too ready to get disappointed if I didn’t. “I would like you to meet him.” The way that was said sparked great curiosity in me. I had to meet him and luckily, we managed to get an appointment with Simon Mbuto, the owner of Agri-Business Centre.

As we took seats in a small office at ABC, Simon, a well and soft spoken man started telling us the story I couldn’t wait to hear.  “Although Agri Business Centre is a fairly developed business focusing in farm inputs, dairy, aquaculture and poultry activities both in production and value addition, it has not had a lush beginning.” He said.

“As you know, farming has not been viewed as a business in Kenya for a long time.” He continued. “Unfortunately, I initially swam with the currents and the best I did was to set up a dairy farming unit in my backyard. But I like reading and travelling a lot. It is through this that I got inspired to develop ABC.”

“So what is the idea behind ABC?” I eagerly asked.

“Do you know McDonalds?” Simon asked and my answer was an obvious yes. He had barely finished asking what their business is when I shouted “selling hamburgers” and felt a little less challenged. He laughed. 

“The business of McDonalds is not selling hamburgers.” He said and you can imagine my reaction. “Their main business is real estate. The hamburger business is the face of the business. Notice that most of the McDonalds are located along main highways. What they do is that they identify a location, buy the land and then set up the McDonalds hamburger eatery. Owning to the big name of McDonalds, the value of land around the franchise shoots up and they sell it.” That left me mouth agape. I had never thought of it that way.

“So how does that relate to ABC?” My inevitable question came. Simon smiled and then went on.

“ABC is the face of our real business as much as it is part of our business.” I noted the use of ‘our’ instead of ‘my’. “We are farmers and our main business is production. I work with farmers who have come together to form Bamboo Rafiki Self Help Group. They have an immense potential for production which ABC seeks to promote.” He went on.

“ABC owns two plots measuring 2.5 and 5.0 acres about 3km from here. On the 2.5 acre land is our Zero Grazing Dairy Unit and Chicken Breeding facility. On the 5.0 acre land, we grow fodder and are currently developing another dairy and poultry unit there. Together with Bamboo Rafiki Self Help Group, we plan to have a minimum of 12,000 improved Kienyenji/Rainbow Rooster chicken (majority cocks) by the end of the last quarter of 2015.”

The real ABC is still in the mind…

“The ABC you see now is simply a consolidation of the ideas making up the bigger picture. On this plot that we are seated, we have 0.5 acres of space on which the actual Agri Business Centre will be set. It will consist of a restaurant, a garden, a water-well, fish ponds and a chicken-run.

The construction of the restaurant is underway and since we want to provide a relaxing stopover for travelers, we have called in landscaping experts to create the ambience. There will also be an ample parking space even for busses. We intend to install one or two dispensers for a quick serve of fresh milk.

The garden is also in place, and apart from providing the fresh supplies for the restaurant, it will also be redesigned so that it offers a quick refreshing get-away. Can you imagine yourself in pathways surrounded by lush green vegetables being watered by sprinklers?

The chicken-run is also not complete yet. We intend to have about 50 rainbow roosters to colour the run. The design will allow the brightly coloured roosters to perch high such that travelers can see their beauty from the road. This will be besides the fish ponds which will also serve the restaurant.” By this time, I could clearly see the beauty of the place.

“Since ABC is just the face, the farms will also have the same unique touch of design. We will have large flat screens on site to entertain the visitors and showcase what the farms bear. We will also allow people to visit the farms and buy directly from us.”

Simon is surely one of the great people bringing a revolution, turning agriculture into agribusiness. It is clear how far the venture would have been by now had he started earlier. Just like I have always been, Simon believed there is gold, especially for the youth in farming. What touched me the most is that he is working with youths in Bamboo Rafiki Self Help Group. He even invites interested people to and organisations to invest in ABC which he says will be replicated in many other parts of the country.

Kwa Kweli, tunaweza make doh na farming.